I have used fresh chiles, smoked chiles (chipotles) and powder (Chimayo Chile Powder). All three have turned out pretty well, with a few exceptions. For fresh chiles, I use roughly the equivalent of 20 jalapenos in 5 gallons, coarsely sliced and added to the wort and strained out prior to fermenting. For smoked, I use about the same amount, 20 chipotles, also in the wort and strained out. The powder winds up in the fermenter, due to the size. I added (if memory serves) 3/4 cup of Chimayo (brand) chile powder. The head in the fermenter came up BRIGHT red. The taste on all was pretty good, the powder needed a little bit more heat. I have also done a habanero ale, used about 8 habs. That one grabbed the back of your throat and held on for a while. The only precaution is that if there is a lot of oil in the peppers, you it will have a negative impact on head retention later on. Curt Curt & Susie Snyder Hot's Desire 3137 Mira Mesa Ave. Hot Sauces & Fiery Foods Oceanside, CA 92056 by mail order 1-760-732-0199 http://www.machines.com/hotsdesr 1-800-381-4687