Bit late on this thread, but wasn't it the Spanish or Portugese who after "discovering" them in the Americas, introduced Chiles to the Asian countries? I know that the Thai's used large quantities of black pepper in their food before chiles were available. Supposedly the use of hot spices was to cool the body down. Thing I don't understand,is why the Spanish didn't attempt to introduce them to Europe? Although having said that, the Spaniards grow a variety of mild chiles, & the Italians use chiles, the Hungarians grow Paprika. Hmm. So I guess what I was saying, is why didn't they get to the UK? On a differnt topic, has anyone heard of or encountered "Bengali Naga" peppers? They are as hot as any Habenero I've yet tried. They are sold green (it strikes me that Indians don't like to use fresh red chiles), although the shop where I bought them have a cheap basket of ones that are turning orange. They have thin stems like a hab, but the fruit is more narrow & elongated. The aroma is familiar & fruity but the heat leaves your mouth numb. The same shop sells what appear to be small plants of this variety - & they look more like an ordinary chile plant, lacking the wide leaves of a Habenero. Also got a jar of these peppers in crushed form. It's a bright green paste with seeds visible, & the only other ingredients are lemon juice, vinegar & salt. I am waiting to try them as soon as I have emptied the fridge of hot sauces & marinades (my flat mates moan at the space they take up!) T'ra Paul