The standard for autoclaving (and pressure cookers) in microbiology is 15 lbs of pressure for 15 minutes. Kit Anderson wrote: > Chuck Demas wrote; > > > Boiling water temperatures will not destroy the spores. It takes higher > > temperatures for some time to kill the spores. > > 240F for 10 minutes. > > > Below a certain pH, the botulism spores do not grow. > > 4.3 pH > > > Commercial packers use a combination of techniques to insure safety. > > Presevatives. > > -- > Kit -- Ron M As she lay there dozing next to me, one voice inside my head kept saying, "Relax... you are not the first doctor to sleep with one of his patients, " but another kept reminding me, "Howard, you are a veterinarian." Dick Wilson