Hi C-H's, Some of Byron Bomley's questions have already been correctly answered, but: >Question #3 > >At what level does Aluminum and sodium cause problems? Like most things to do with soil and plant chemistry there is no simple answer. However the values you quoted - Na 0.24% and Al 1216ppm - are well below anything which would cause a problem even if they were completely soluble. >Question #4 > >How does one compare the "Commercial" fertilizers like 5-1-1, 5-10-10 or >15-35-15 to this type of numbering sysytem. I believe the commercial labelling is for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium expressed in weight percents of these elements that are actually available. If the figures you quoted for cow manure are in weight percent., and all three elements are completely available then it would be 1.74-0.45-1.51 -- --- Regards, Cameron.