Seeds at Risk from U.S.P.S. Anti-Anthrax Irradiation The U.S. Postal Service has begun irradiating the mail to inactivate anthrax spores, saying publicly that doses of as much as 20 kiloGrays are being used. Unfortunately for garden seed traders used to slipping a few seeds into a napkin for padding and mailing them first class to fellow enthusiasts, 20 kiloGrays of radiation generally can be expected to kill seeds. In October 2000, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration announced its approval for irradiating seeds to be used for sprouting in order to reduce populations of harmful microbes (in particular, Salmonella and E. coli O157:h7) on the seed surfaces. The FDA limits the maximum radiation dose to eight kiloGrays, noting that some seeds might not be able to sprout if exposed to a radiation dose somewhat less than that maximum. Perhaps the best way to be sure shipped seeds arrive in good (that is, viable) condition is to use United Parcel Service or another commercial alternative to the U.S.P.S. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Reprinted with permission from the December 2001 _HortIdeas_. Copyright 2001 by Greg and Pat Williams. HORTIDEAS (ISSN 0742-8219) is published monthly by Gregory and Patricia Y. Williams, 750 Black Lick Road, Gravel Switch, KY 40328 U.S.A. Annual subscription rates: U.S., $25.00 periodicals or $27.00 first class; Canada and Mexico, $32.00; Overseas, $30.00 surface mail or $42.00 air mail. Single issues: North America, $2.50 each; Overseas, $3.00 each, surface mail, or $4.00 each, air mail. The email address for HORTIDEAS is: gwill@mis.net. _HortIdeas_ is now on the world wide web at http://www.users.mis.net/~gwill/hi-index.html. -- Bob Batson L 39 12 14 N 94 33 16 W rcb@kc.rr.com Kansas City TCS - Mystic Fire Priest USDA Zone 5 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Under the most controlled conditions, the experimental apparatus will do exactly as it pleases.