It also holds true that simmering them lessens the heat not because you are breaking down the cap, but because you are volatilizing it. This can occur at temps MUCH lower than its' boiling or melting temp. Indeed, as anyone who has cooked chiles even over a very low heat can attest, it is VERY easy to 'off-gas' the cap, even without trying ;-) For every bit of cap in the air causing you to cough and cry, there is that much less left in the dish you are cooking. -Jim C Mild to Wild