I read an article in the British _Journal_of_the_Science_of_Food_and_Agriculture_ (1999 79:1733) "Pro-or antioxygenic activity of tejpat (Cinnamomum tamala) and red chilli (Capsicum annum) in sunflower oil" by A D Semwal, G K Sharma and S S Arya at the Defence Food Research Laboratory in Mysore, India. Among other findings they noted ground red chilli and an 80:20 water/ethanol fraction of an extract showed strong anti-oxygenic activity in sunflower oil. The petroleum ether fraction was marginal and the water fraction had no anti-oxygenic activity when added to sunflower oil. Capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin showed "considerable anti-oxygenic activity." The main concern of the article was to determine which ingredients used in Indian cooking could be considered protective against oxygen for the foods that contained them. If I recall, their study did not include any tests in animals or humans of anti-oxygenic activity. One can speculate by extension, though, that capsaicin and/or the 80:20 fraction has the same antioxidant effect in the body, particularly in the lipid (fatty) system, similar to vitamin E. One of Doug in BC's or David's curries, or pepper vodka, anyone? George