NE Gardeners, For 35 years I followed the old Plant on Memorial Day Rule. I could not figure out why I had Lousy Cauliflower, broccoli Cabbage, peas, lettuce, spinach and onions, My carrot and beets were tough Then I recieved a Stokes Seed catalog, their growers guide said these plants need cool soil. Some books even say spinach and lettuce germinate poorly above a soil temp of 68F To extend this into flowers, Read the seed package very carefully If it says "Plant as soon as the soil can be worked" this means that they are frost hardy and need cool soil to germinate. Another benefit from early plant out, it gets all your small seeds planted before mosquitoes and black flies are out. It's easier to plant carrots with out black flies climbing in and out of all body opening's Byron