The USDA published a policy change July 23 that I just learned about. As of Sept. 21, they will begin routinely and consistantly enforcing an old law requiring phytosanitary certificates for nursery stock, plants, roots, bulbs, seeds, and other plant products from other countries except for some greenhouse-grown plants from Canada. Commercial nurseries have been subject to this policy in the past, but now the requirements are to be extended to home and hobby growers' importations. Phytosanitary certificates are issued by agricultural inspectors at the country of origin, and pricing is up to those countries who have ag inspectors. Fee for Canada certificate is over $11 US , Mexico certificate about $25 US. See http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=2001_register&docid=01-18299-filed . This site has been difficult to get into, and they have slightly changed the original announcement within the past two days, but I think the general tenor of the threat to biodiversity remains. Margaret L