In a message dated 3/10/99 6:28:59 PM Eastern Standard Time, Byron.Bromley@gsd-co.com writes: << Speaking of germination here is a wild one. The Jack Pine needs 150F for germination. How does it grow in Minn.? Seeds germinate after a forest fire. >> Actually the fire is needed to "open" up the pine cones, as they are normally in a "closed" state. The fire clears the area, which is what keeps the Jack Pine stands going. The cones open with the heat as a trigger, and have a nice open area in which to grow. Kirtland's Warbler only nests in Jack pines, so stands need to be kept going. A number of years ago there was a controlled burn that got out of hand here in Michigan, burnt quite a few acres, but the pines loved it. Alex,