I just happen to have my copy of "On Food and Cooking" by Harold McGee here at work (a book that anyone who likes food or cooking should own). As to what it does, here's what he says: Another ancient technique for making plant foods, especially fruits, resistant to spoilage is to boost their sugar content to the point where micro-organisms will be dehydrated by the osmotic pressure across their membranes. If the concentration of dissolved material is higher outside the microbe than it is inside, then water will be drawn across the cell membrane, and the microbe will be incapacitated or killed. He also mentions that preservation in honey has been used for at least 2000 years, including even meat. With regards to refrigeration: Evaporation and condensation of water at the surface of preserves can result in patches hospitable to molds. It is to avoid surface mold that paraffin is often used to seal home preserves, and for the same reason such products are best kept refrigerated after opening. scott --- Scott Wood mailto:swood@mercury.bc.ca Mercury Scheduling, Vancouver