-> While not exactly a specialist, I have read a bit on the subject. Medieval -> cooking was characterized by a much heavier use of spices than our cooking. -> They used a greater variety and amount of spices than we we find bearable. -> If interested, you might want to look at -> Yes, spices were very expensive -- that was the point. Conspicuous -> consumption has never been overly concerned with logic or taste. x They also spiced things heavily, I'm told, to cover up the taste of the imperfect preservation of a lot of their meat, and perhaps to keep meats from going further off. They didn't know about germs, but they must've noticed that cinnamon, allspice and rosemary are good preservatives. Cinnamon is especially amazing. It's almost as good against bacterial spoilage as allspice, and it's also quite a decent antifungal and antiviral (and topically anti-inflammatory, too--next time you have swimmer's ear, dry out the ear canal well and then warm some cinnamon in baby oil and drizzle it in the ear. Works better than the prescription stuff since it addresses both bacterial and fungal problems, both of which may be present, and it's faster.) x But I'm guessing they also did it for the same reason we like to put scadz of chiles in stuff: flavors intense enough make your eyes fly open can be fun. We may not agree with them about which ones (personally, cinnamon and clove in beef never really floated my boat :)), but the principle seems the same. x Rain @@@@ \\\\\