>Birds, meanwhile, will gobble up hot peppers with no apparent pain. This has been discussed here off and on. It is my own observation that certain birds prefer chiles over other foodstuffs. Parrots I know will take the dried chiles from their mix first, and only when all chiles are gone (often after meticulous search) will they eat the more nutritious seeds. There is some attraction there. If not the heat, what? Has anyone run a controlled experiment for this, providing chile-loving birds with mild, hot, and non chiles to gauge preference? > Chile peppers benefit because mammals won't touch them That should be *most* mammals. Human mammals have spread them over wider distances than birds. Not to start the chiledog/cat/squirrel thread again...