Re: Then is "cider vinegar" actually fermented? Depends, as usual. There are commercial 'ciders vinegars' which are simply white vinegar with concentrated apple flavoring added. I was sent a 1 ounce bottle of concentrate for evaluation one time. The bottle would knock you on your can from the apple smell. 1 oz was supposed to do a 55 GALLON drum. I declined. Fortunately, 'natural' cider vinegar is easy to come by. We used to make it by the hogshead at the apple orchard. We had 5 enormous wooden tuns that we aged it in. Kept some pretty mean mother from year to year for a started. Alas, it all went by the wayside in the late 80's. -Jim C Mild to Wild