Liz wrote: In other words, just because tetracycline turns on the terminator gene in no way indicates that 1,3,5-triphenylformazan, or some other chemical, doesn't turn on the terminator gene. This lock could have dozens of keys, some of which are naturally occuring substances. I don't wonder about the experiments that showed tetracycline turns on the gene -- I wonder if they bothered to test more than a dozen of the millions of other chemicals out there to discover if they also turn on the gene. After all -- a tomato contains dozens of chemicals (many of which are toxic). Lemons and oranges have seeds that sit in the natural equivalent of an acid vat. There are alkaline soils and aquifers in the western US and goodness knows what conditions in other places on earth, including temperature and humidity extremes. So millions of chemicals could come into contact with terminator seeds under dozens of different conditions and different pHs for differing periods of time. Talk about the way to run a lottery! I wouldn't really want to bet that the only working key for terminator technology is tetracycline applied at the seed factory. Liz, thanks for the deft weilding of Occkam's razor. If you ever decide to come out of retirement as a chemist, you should take up where Carl Sagan left off in the publishing bidness. Catharine