At 10:36 AM 1/4/99 -0500, you wrote: >Around here the Mennonite farmers use bottom heat -- a layer of manure. It >need not touch the planting soil. It heats up pretty effectively and >accomplishes early sprouting from a different angle. Lucinda, Canada > Lucinda, I think this is called a hotframe or something opposite of coldframe. Do you have any idea how deep the manure layer is and how long it stays hot? I'm hoping you know someone to ask, not measure the depth yourself. Margaret