Be on the alert for a chemical named Clopyralid, trade name Benazalox, in herbicides. It's very persistent, and may retain its herbicidal qualities for a very long time (a half-life in soil of 15 to 287 days). This chemical may not be available to home gardeners, but where you're likely to run into it is composting clippings from lawns treated by a lawn care company. Brand names containing this chemical include Stinger, Reclaim, Transline, and according to the L.A. Times, Lontrel, Confront, Hornet, Scorpion, and Redeem. Those are the Dow products. Products with Clopyralid from other manufacturers include Millenium, Momentum, Chaser Ultra, Battleship, Strike Three, and TruPower. A friend said her lawn care bill identified the herbicide as TruPower, so she regards that compost pile as toxic. The Times article reports one lawn care company uses Confront, and the owner said residual herbicidal activity may continue for up to 18 months. Gardens in the West that have suffered from this residual effect range reportedly from Spokane to Los Angeles, and they've popped up in Pennsylvania and NZ. There are undoubtedly unreported instances as well. The chemical is an effective herbicide, with very low toxicity to humans. Unfortunately its long-lasting effects have appeared even in commercial composts. Margaret L