I remember reading quite a while back that cayenne pepper, in powdered form, was effective for stopping bleeding. As in "Argh, I've been shot! Pass the cayenne!" At the time they didn't seem to know why it worked. It was a folk remedy that turned out to work as advertised. This would seem to mesh nicely with Pepper Joe's ulcer treatment anecdote. Scott... packin' some Heat when I head to the 'hood... KCK