One last note on Keifer pears. We had a good discussion of them on the NAFEX (North American Fruit Explorers - see www.nafex.org) list and one point that came up is that there is more than one pear with that name. VERY briefly, about a century ago there were a number of different crosses produced of Asian pears (which are highly resistant to fireblight) with European pears, which are not as resistant, trying to get good varieties with resistance to fireblight for the South. That's why some people have Keifer that is relatively free of grit, and others have pears of that name that are much more gritty. A lot of the selections are similar enough that there has been considerable confusion, so one grower has a smooth type, another, a gritty one, but both pears have the same name. -Lon Rombough Grapes, writing, consulting, more, plus word on my grape book at http://www.hevanet.com/lonrom